Manzoor Ahmad Malik
1*, Zahra Sepehri
2, Zafar Amin Shah
11 Cancer Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir-190011, J&K, India
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
Abstract
In normal cells when genetic defects occur, there are some
sensitive mechanisms through which the defect might be repaired or apoptosis
might be induced. However in tumor cells such mechanisms are not highly
sensitive; therefore they cannot detect such abnormalities. This failure in
detection and/or repair of the genetic abnormality results in the survival of
abnormal cells. This survival is followed up with growth of the cells without
normal control and ultimately leads to the rise of malignant clones in the
body. Pathways in which these malignant
transformations occur, are increasingly being studied to final effective
treatments for different carcinomas.
Keywords: Cancer, Tumor suppressor genes, Oncogenes and low penetrance genes